Understanding Terpenes

Terpenes, in essence, are the aromatic oils inherent in cannabis and various other plants, shaping their distinctive scents and tastes. They’re the essence behind Lemon Skunk’s zesty aroma and Chem Dawg’s robust diesel-like qualities. Each strain boasts a unique terpene profile, with these aromatic compounds standing out as the most discernible factor setting them apart. Terpenes aren’t exclusive to cannabis; they’re found in numerous other plants. That refreshing whiff of basil? You have terpenes to thank for that.

Terpenes exhibit their most potent presence in mature, unfertilized (unseeded) cannabis flowers. Unfortunately, improper storage, handling, and exposure to light can easily degrade these terpenes in cured flowers. A comprehensive discussion on terpenes inevitably touches upon cannabinoids. Terpenes and cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, collectively shape the cannabis experience when consumed. Both types of compounds bind with receptors in the brain, eliciting various effects on our bodies, including the sought-after euphoric high associated with cannabis.

While the medicinal benefits stemming from the interplay between terpenes and cannabinoids demand ongoing exploration, some cannabis patients favor whole cannabis (flower) therapy over synthetic or concentrate-based alternatives, like distillates, which strip away natural terpenes. Thus, while the cannabinoid/terpene relationship remains fascinatingly complex, this discussion will primarily focus on terpenes—and there’s ample ground to cover.

How Terpenes Function

Terpenes exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with the endocannabinoid system. In 1988, cannabis scientists S. Ben-Shabat and Raphael Mechoulam discovered that cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids collaborate to create a synergistic healing effect. In essence, consuming a full-spectrum cannabis extract often leads to a more potent and enduring healing effect due to this symbiotic interaction—an experience commonly referred to as the entourage effect.

Distinguishing Primary from Secondary Terpenes: Primary terpenes in cannabis are abundant and largely responsible for the distinctive aroma of cannabis strains. Secondary terpenes, found in smaller quantities, contribute to a strain’s effects.

Primary Terpenes In Cannabis

• Myrcene: Earthy and musky, prevalent in cannabis and many other plant species. Known for reducing inflammation and pain, potentially enhancing the effects of THC.
• Limonene: Citrusy aroma, found abundantly in cannabis and citrus fruits. Exhibits mood-enhancing and potentially anticancer properties.
• Linalool: Floral notes, promotes relaxation and sleep, potentially aiding seizure symptoms and psychosis relief.
• Caryophyllene: Spicy aroma, found in various spices and herbs, acts as an anti-inflammatory and may assist in alcohol addiction rehabilitation.
• Alpha-pinene and Beta-pinene: Pine aroma, anti-inflammatory, aids respiratory function, and mitigates memory loss associated with THC.
• Humulene: Earthy aroma with spicy undertones, appetite suppressant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Terpineol: Lilac aroma, calming and mood-enhancing, with potential antimalarial effects.
• Valencene: Sweet citrus aroma, with potential anti-inflammatory and mood-boosting effects.
• Terpinolene: Piney with floral essences, may induce drowsiness and reduce anxiety.
• Geraniol: Tobacco-like aroma, offers neuroprotection benefits.

And many more…

Secondary Terpenes

Phellandrene, Delta 3 Carene, Alpha-bisabolol, and beyond.

Are Terpenes Psychoactive? While terpenes can influence one’s high, they don’t induce intoxicating effects like THC. Inhaling natural terpenes won’t cause a buzz, though it might lead to a slight lightheadedness or unfamiliar sensation.

However, terpenes can mitigate certain effects of THC, such as paranoia and anxiety, particularly for infrequent users. While they won’t get you high, they can certainly enhance your overall cannabis experience. Utilizing Terpenes: Now equipped with knowledge about terpenes’ potential, there are various ways to incorporate them into your cannabis regimen. Vaporization remains one of the most effective methods, allowing users to experience the full spectrum of terpenes’ flavors and benefits.

Additionally, terpenes can be purchased in oil form from reputable brands, enabling their infusion into edibles, concentrates, topicals, and more.

In conclusion, the therapeutic possibilities of terpenes are just beginning to be unraveled. As cannabis research barriers loosen, a deeper understanding of how terpenes influence cannabinoids and symptom relief will undoubtedly emerge.